Science as Social Knowledge

Values and Objectivity in Scientific Inquiry

Autor: Helen E. Longino

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Editura: Princeton University Press

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Conventional wisdom has it that the sciences, properly pursued, constitute a pure, value-free method...

Informații despre carte

Autor

Helen E. Longino

Limbă

engleză

Legare

Carte - Carte broșată

Publicat

1990

Pagini

280

EAN

9780691020518

ISBN

0691020515

Enbook ID

04639480

Editura

Princeton University Press

Greutate

452

Dimensiuni

158 x 233 x 16

Descriere completă

Conventional wisdom has it that the sciences, properly pursued, constitute a pure, value-free method of obtaining knowledge about the natural world. In light of the social and normative dimensions of many scientific debates, Helen Longino finds that general accounts of scientific methodology cannot support this common belief. Focusing on the notion of evidence, the author argues that a methodology powerful enough to account for theories of any scope and depth is incapable of ruling out the influence of social and cultural values in the very structuring of knowledge. The objectivity of scientific inquiry can nevertheless be maintained, she proposes, by understanding scientific inquiry as a social rather than an individual process.Seeking to open a dialogue between methodologists and social critics of the sciences, Longino develops this concept of "contextual empiricism" in an analysis of research programs that have drawn criticism from feminists. Examining theories of human evolution and of prenatal hormonal determination of "gender-role" behavior, of sex differences in cognition, and of sexual orientation, the author shows how assumptions laden with social values affect the description, presentation, and interpretation of data. In particular, Longino argues that research on the hormonal basis of "sex-differentiated behavior" involves assumptions not only about gender relations but also about human action and agency. She concludes with a discussion of the relation between science, values, and ideology, based on the work of Habermas, Foucault, Keller, and Haraway.

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Science as Social Knowledge

Values and Objectivity in Scientific Inquiry

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