This work deals with the sociolinguistic and psycholinguistic aspects of "established" and "new migrant" minority groups in Spain. Three guiding analytical research approaches cut across minorities in Spain: language, migration and discrimination, although not all aspects apply to all minorities in the same way: some are characterized by language, migration and discrimination; other communities are only defined by language and migration, but their members are not discriminated against socially and culturally; another group of communities are not characterized by recent migration, but they are discriminated against and/or their languages not even officially recongized; lastly, there are some other communities that do not find enough legal and institutional support and their languages may suffer discrimination.