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Numerous case reports and controlled clinical trials indicate that autogenous bone grafts can be used successfully in periodontal therapy. New attachment is possible with different types of autogenous bone grafts. Root resorption and ankylosis may be observed only following grafts of fresh iliac cancellous bone and marrow. Both FDBA and DFDBA have been shown to be clinically effective. Bone formation may be enhanced if GTR is augmented with bone grafts. Bone allografts and alloplasts offer similar advantages with respect to bone fill. Regeneration is the result with DFDBA, where as repair is the result after grafts of synthetic bone. Studies have successfully demonstrated several safe, effective strategies to form new bone via gene therapy in animals. Advances in tissue engineering and the integration of the biological, physical, and engineering sciences, will create new carrier constructs that regenerate and restore functional state of the periodontal tissues.
