Within and outside the legal and academic professions, it is now increasingly recognised that the human rights consequences of states actions are not limited to the domestic sphere but quite often transcend national borders. This is a challenge to the human rights community, which up to the present time has focused almost exclusively on human rights violations and protections solely within a national setting. The term extraterritorial effect/application/obligation in international law refers to acts that are taken by one actor (state) that have some kind of effect within another countrys territory, with or without this second countrys implicit or explicit agreement. Extraterritoriality within international human rights law, then, concerns actions or omissions by one state that have an effect on the human rights of individuals in another state with or without this other states agreement. This effect may be positive or negative in that such actions or omissions by foreign states